Iron and steel industries


It is most important mineral based industry in the country. In recent decades it is playing an important role in economic development. Iron and steel industry is described as a basic industry because it provides raw materials to several industries /it is used to prepare national machines, irrigation pipes, ship building transport equipments war weapons etc .it is also used in construction of buildings and bridges. It is used to prepare a small pin to gigantic ship. In these years the economic development of a country was determined by the consumption of iron and steel. Development:- The art of making Iron is not a next technique for Indians. We are preparing Iron from ancient time. Great Ashoka established an Iron pillar at Saranath and Lowhinagar near Delhi in 2300 years ago. The first modern Iron and Steel industry was established at Kulti of West Bengal in 1870. After this another industry was established at Jamshedpur of Jharkand in 1907. The first iron and steel industry of South India was established at Bhadravathi of Karnataka in 1923. After Independence the Govt. established 6 more industries in the country. At present there are 9 major and 173 mini steel plants in the country.There are several factors influencing on the location of iron and steel industries. The most important are Raw Materials:- The important raw materials are iron ore, manganese, limestone, dolomite and alloy minerals. These are impure raw materials. Hence this industry was established in iron ore mining centres. To manufacture one tonne of iron and steel, we require two tonnes of coal, two tonnes of iron ore and half a tonne of manganese, dolomite, limestone and others. So this industry are also known as raw material oriented industry. a)Coal:- Coal is an important source of power for this industry. It is also an impurematerial. Hence established nearer to iron ore or coal mining centres only. Eg., Chota Nagpur region. b)Water:- Water is also regulated for steel industry in a large quantity. Hence all the steel industries were established on the banks of different rivers. Eg., VISL on Bhadra river. c)Transport:- It requires a good network of transportation. Iron and steel industries raw materials are bulky in nature. It requires rail and water transport. It also need more capital and modern technologies. d)It need more labours, market and favourable govt. policies. It is located at Bhila of Chattisgarh state, it was opened in 1957 of former USSR. It gets coal from Korba, Iron ore from Bastar, Manganese form Balghat district. It is located between Kolkata-Mumbai highway line and it is well served by the railways. In 1998-99 it produced 4109 lakh tonnes of steel and ranked first among the steel plants in the country. Bokars Steel Plant [BISCo]:- It has largest capacity to produce iron and steel in the country. It was established in 1972 at Bokars of Jharkhand state. It was started with the help of former USSR. It gets coal from Bokars and Jharia, Iron from Keonjat, Limestone from Palamu. In 1998-99 it produced 30 lakh tonnes of steel. Salem Steel Plant [SISCo.] It is located at Salem of Tamil Nadu, in 1982. France provided technology to this industry. It imports pig iron from Rourkela and Durgapur steel plants. In 1998-99, it produced 1.2 lakh tonnes of stainless steel. Vishakapatnam Steel Plant:- It was only one Iron and Steel industry established in coastal area. It was established in 1990 at Vishakapatnam of Andhra Pradesh. It gets coal from Chattisgarh and other materials from surrounding places. In 1998-99 it produced 23.8 lakh tonnes of steel, it supplies iron and steel to ship building industries Distribution of industries of the world:- USA China Russia Ukrain Germany Korea Brazil India New Plants:- In recent years, many steel plants are establishing in private sector. The most important are:- Vijayanagar-Jindal Steel Co. at Hospet in Bellary district of Karnataka. Indian Stainless Steel Alloys of Orrisa. Essars Steel plant at Gujarath Production and Consumption of International Trade:- India is the 8th largest producer of the Iron and Steel in the world. The production of iron and steel is continuously increasing in the country after Independence. There are 173 mini Steel Plants in the country, these producing steel in large quantity.In the year 2002-03 it produced 32.99 million tonnes of iron and steel. India is one the largest consumer of iron and steel in the world. The average per capita consumption of the world is 150 kgs where as the per capita consumption of India stands to 26 kgs In recent years, India is exporting 420 M.T of Iron and Steel. In 2002-03 India exported and imported 4.20 M.T of iron and steel Steel Authority of India Ltd.[SAIL] Problems:- The most important are unequal distribution of Iron ore and lack of best quality iron ores. Unequal distribution of coal Lack of capital, modern technology and transportation.

iron and steel industries in india

Iron and steel industries

It is most important mineral based industry in the country. In recent decades it is playing an important role in economic development. Iron and steel industry is described as a basic industry because it provides raw materials to several industries /it is used to prepare national machines, irrigation pipes, ship building transport equipments war weapons etc .it is also used in construction of buildings and bridges. It is used to prepare a small pin to gigantic ship. In these years the economic development of a country was determined by the consumption of iron and steel.

Development:-
The art of making Iron is not a next technique for Indians. We are preparing Iron from ancient time.
Great Ashoka established an Iron pillar at Saranath and Lowhinagar near Delhi in 2300 years ago. The first modern Iron and Steel industry was established at Kulti of West Bengal in 1870.

After this another industry was established at Jamshedpur of Jharkand in 1907. The first iron and steel industry of South India was established at Bhadravathi of Karnataka in 1923. After Independence the Govt. established 6 more industries in the country. At present there are 9 major and 173 mini steel plants in the country.There are several factors influencing on the location of iron and steel industries. The most important are

Raw Materials:-
The important raw materials are iron ore, manganese, limestone, dolomite and alloy minerals. These are impure raw materials. Hence this industry was established in iron ore mining centres. To manufacture one tonne of iron and steel, we require two tonnes of coal, two tonnes of iron ore and half a tonne of manganese, dolomite, limestone and others. So this industry are also known as raw material oriented industry.

a)Coal:-
Coal is an important source of power for this industry. It is also an impurematerial. Hence established nearer to iron ore or coal mining centres only.
Eg., Chota Nagpur region.

b)Water:-
Water is also regulated for steel industry in a large quantity. Hence all the
steel industries were established on the banks of different rivers.
Eg., VISL on Bhadra river.

c)Transport:-
It requires a good network of transportation. Iron and steel industries raw materials are bulky in nature. It requires rail and water transport. It also need more capital and modern technologies.

d)It need more labours, market and favourable govt. policies.

It is located at Bhila of Chattisgarh state, it was opened in 1957 of former USSR. It gets coal from Korba, Iron ore from Bastar, Manganese form Balghat district. It is located between Kolkata-Mumbai highway line and it is well served by the railways. In 1998-99 it produced 4109 lakh tonnes of steel and ranked first among the steel plants in the country.

Bokars Steel Plant [BISCo]:-
It has largest capacity to produce iron and steel in the country. It was established in 1972 at Bokars of Jharkhand state. It was started with the help of former USSR. It gets coal from Bokars and Jharia, Iron from Keonjat, Limestone from Palamu. In 1998-99 it produced 30 lakh tonnes of steel.

Salem Steel Plant [SISCo.]
It is located at Salem of Tamil Nadu, in 1982. France provided technology to this industry. It imports pig iron from Rourkela and Durgapur steel plants. In 1998-99, it produced 1.2 lakh tonnes of stainless steel.

Vishakapatnam Steel Plant:-

It was only one Iron and Steel industry established in coastal area. It was established in 1990 at Vishakapatnam of Andhra Pradesh. It gets coal from Chattisgarh and other materials from surrounding places. In 1998-99 it produced 23.8 lakh tonnes of steel, it supplies iron and steel to ship building industries

Distribution of industries of the world:-

USA
China
Russia
Ukrain
Germany
Korea
Brazil
India

New Plants:-
In recent years, many steel plants are establishing in private sector. The most important are:-
Vijayanagar-Jindal Steel Co. at Hospet in Bellary district of Karnataka.

Indian Stainless Steel Alloys of Orrisa.

Essars Steel plant at Gujarath
Production and Consumption of International Trade:-

India is the 8th largest producer of the Iron and Steel in the world. The production of iron and steel is continuously increasing in the country after Independence. There are 173 mini Steel Plants in the country, these producing steel in large quantity.In the year 2002-03 it produced 32.99 million tonnes of iron and steel.

India is one the largest consumer of iron and steel in the world. The average per capita consumption of the world is 150 kgs where as the per capita consumption of India stands to 26 kgs

In recent years, India is exporting 420 M.T of Iron and Steel. In 2002-03 India exported and imported 4.20 M.T of iron and steel

Steel Authority of India Ltd.[SAIL]

Problems:-
The most important are unequal distribution of Iron ore and lack of best quality iron ores.
Unequal distribution of coal
Lack of capital, modern technology and transportation.